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Judy Garland - Recorded Live and Complete - Carnegie Hall - April 23, 1961. DCC Compact Classics/EMI-Capitol Music Special Markets GZS (2) - 1135/1 and 1135/2; 72435-23801-2-1 (Orchestra under the direction of Mort Lindsey). This 24-Karat Gold 2-disc set was mastered directly from the original Capitol Records 3-track "A-set" remote session tapes. Street date: March 14, 2000.

"I've been told that I represent people's dreams. I'm grateful, but if I
represent people's dreams, then I represent a lot more than I really am."

Judy Garland, 19671

The two-LP set of Judy at Carnegie Hall2 is the Bible of Garland recordings. First issued in July 1961, it remained on the Billboard chart for ninety-four weeks, including thirteen at number one, and went on to win five Grammy awards (Album of the Year, Best Female Vocal Performance, Best Engineering,3 Best Album Cover,4 Special Artists and Repertoire Award for the producer5). To many who attended the historic event and others who purchased the disc upon its release, it was and still is an experience that marked their lives forever. Garland historian Sonny Gallagher remarked: "The terrifying outpouring that she gave of herself that night was such a tangible thing that for me it was as though several times during that magical two hours for an instant or two the earth actually stood still, stopped revolving on its axis, lightning struck, and my heart stopped beating. There was such a force and power on that stage and so much effort, love, and talent being unselfishly given that the effect was awesome."6 More than an evening of entertainment, the legendary concert has become a watershed in American popular music: not just a crowning achievement in the career of Judy Garland but an artistic tour de force of the most astounding variety.

By the early Sixties the golden age of the great American songbook was coming to an end, and its glory, innocence and beauty could not have been better toasted than in this majestic evening. But it was more than song. It was humor, wit, power, emotion, drama, "pow."7 It was a summation of a career started at age two and a half. It was a time capsule of a half-century of a distinctly American art form. It was a little girl, long associated with some of the great movie musicals, singing with a sweep and assuredness that made the evening more than great entertainment. It was a mature Judy Garland rebounding from a rather frustrating Fifties (save her Capitol studio recordings), during which she made only one film (George Cukor's 1954 A Star Is Born), saw her body inflate to unrecognizable proportions and her drug addiction get no better. When she played Carnegie Hall on that April evening (there was a return engagement on May 21) Garland, the child woman, was announcing that she was back. It was the improbable comeback of the "little hunchback,"8 the "dope addict,"9 the "unhinged"10 "enfant terrible"11 prone to "drinking a drop,"12 the "funny little fat girl,"13 the "medical affair,"14 the "medical phenomenon,"15 the "monster,"16 the "ugly duckling,"17 the "lost"18 soul. The notables in attendance included Harold Arlen, Arthur Schwartz, Julie Styne, Leonard Bernstein, Comden & Green, Dore Schary, Mike Nichols, Chuck Walters, Roger Edens, Richard Burton, Lauren Bacall, Carol Channing, Henry Fonda, Julie Andrews, Maurice Chevalier, Myrna Loy, Rock Hudson and Spencer Tracy. Recovered from a bout of hepatitis in late 1959, fresh from a long stay in her beloved London, and rejuvenated after a critically acclaimed tour of Europe in 1960, Garland was under new management19 and set on making a new name for herself - one of reliability and professionalism. After thirty-five years in the business, she desperately needed to re-establish her reputation and get her finances on track so as not to have to work unless she wanted to. It was greatness.

But it was more. It was a religious celebration. Garland's rebirth that evening was also the rebirth of many in her midst. The sufferer she had been became the survivor she would be. She transfigured pain into joy. She was the light that illuminated. She transfigured them. She elevated them. She filled them. It solidified the cult of Garland worship, already in existence since the late Thirties, into The Church of Garland, which still exists via the internet to this day, devoted to what is inappropriately called "Judyism."20 The Church has its Goddess, Prophet and Pope. With rare exception, Church members, who call fellow members "one of our own,"21 are a consensual flock that follow beliefs based on the writings of the Prophet. Only certain writings are tolerated by the Pope. Some "get it,"22 some don't. Besmirching God Garland is sacrilegious, subject to excommunication.23 CDs, DVDs and books are referred to as "Judy product."24 According to Gerald Clarke, author of Get Happy:25 "I have never been able to understand why these people, almost none of whom ever knew her, think they have been ordained by heaven to be Judy's protectors and guardians. But then I have never been able to understand cults, and that is what we're talking about […]. Deviate an inch from the accepted dogma, and you've committed something equivalent to the Albigensian Heresy. Isn't it ironic, though, that Judy, who lived to entertain and give pleasure, is now worshipped by people so full of anger and hate?"26 The Carnegie Hall recording is certainly a sacred document.

The first CD edition of the concert was released in 1986 in a "special abridged compact disc version of the two record set"27 that contained one CD, comprising twenty-two tracks and totaling 1:13:54.28 The uproar caused by the mutilation of the recording caused Capitol to reissue it in 1989, this time as a double CD containing twenty-six tracks and totaling 1:49:20.29 It should be recalled that the original LP, although containing all of the songs that Garland sang at the performance, was far from an untouched transfer of the master. Not only did the double LP eliminate some of Garland's between-song patter, much of which is devastatingly funny, it changed the song order.30 The engineer who mastered the LP, still unknown today,31 also added reverb to the rather dry sound, giving the listener the impression that he was in Carnegie Hall. Worse, the 1961 LP speeded up the master tape to make it fit a 2-record album, thereby rendering Garland's and the orchestra's pitch somewhat higher.32 Capitol kept the same inaccurate track order for their 1989 CD release, albeit restoring the correct speed. For that edition, however, vault researchers at Capitol could not locate the master to "Alone Together."33 They took Garland's 1960 studio recording of the same tune,34 added reverb à la Carnegie Hall, et voilà! You can fool some of the people some of the time.

DCC's 24-Karat Gold 2000 audiophile remastering corrects all of these flaws. Disc one contains the first half of the show, 12 tracks including the overture. Disc two contains the second half, fourteen titles, and restores the order as performed. The pitch of the recording is correct, and all of Garland's clowning and story-telling have been left in. Disc one has a running time of 51:12; disc two 1:11:47; totaling 2:02:59. The public can now hear the famed performance from when the tape recorders were turned on to when they were turned off.

Further, DCC a & r chief Steve Hoffman, who remastered the new edition, states in a technical note in the booklet: "Where the original engineers changed reels, we left a one-second lapse in the program, rather than attempt to smooth the gap over with over-dubbed applause." Thus, there are gaps between "If Love Were All"35 and "Zing! Went the Strings of My Heart,"36 as well as around "Alone Together," which was "found"37 for the DCC set. Hoffman told ICE38: "Every second of that concert is here. And the tapes were in excellent shape, like the day they were made." Having given the tapes what he calls a "light remix" for this release, he adds: "It's nice hearing her not squashed and buried in the mix of the orchestra. She's out in front now, a lot louder than the orchestra. It's like she's standing right there. […] Also, most other versions of this album added fake echo and fake applause to smooth over the rough spots. But we're presenting it just the way it sounded that night - no fake echo, no fake applause." Finally, the original LP liner notes (by an unnamed author) have been included, as well as the radiant onstage photos of Garland by Joe Covello. Preeminent Garland scholar Scott Schechter has added an insightful new essay to place the recording in historical perspective.

Here is the raw performance. Garland faithful claimed that the LP had not captured what they had heard. For them, Judy at Carnegie Hall was an event, a revival meeting, an emotionally riveting moment. They had been touched by grace that evening. The 1961 LP was no more than a second-best souvenir. To others not privileged enough to have attended, Judy at Carnegie Hall was an LP. To the criticism that the LP was wrongly pitched, they retorted that it made the experience of listening to it more exciting, a rush. To the criticism that the LP eliminated all of Garland's remarkable story-telling, they replied that going from one song to the next with hardly a moment to breathe made the experience of listening to it shocking, mind-boggling, richer. To the criticism that the LP had been equalized, they countered that all recordings are equalized. Is adding reverb and balance a crime? Is what's raw perfect? Is one reality more truthful than another?

The most noticeable difference between the original Carnegie Hall and DCC's is that Garland's voice is now far more prominent than on any earlier release. That is, the producer of the 1961 LP mixed her voice to blend with the orchestra. The new Hoffman remastering is "in your face" to such a degree that when she sings the first words to her opening number, "When You're Smiling (The Whole World Smiles With You),"39 the listener used to the mix of the original may be jolted from his seat. This is no doubt how Garland sounded to those sitting in the hall. The original LP, they claimed, had been a treason to "the truth," a butchering of the ceremony. Participants can now happily rejoice that "the truth" has finally been restored. Twenty-first century followers to The Church of Garland can now rejoice that the original LP has been stripped of its varnish to reveal its unspoiled beauty. Many of the Rhino reissues of Garland's MGM soundtracks do the same: where separate optical multistems still exist and true stereo remixes have been completed,40 Garland's voice has been boosted compared to earlier composite mono soundtracks. The reason why remasterers in the Nineties and Naughts have chosen to spotlight her voice whereas 1961 producer Andy Wiswell chose to make it more a part of the orchestra is simple: the on-going iconization of Judy Garland. More a socio-cultural phenomenon than musical, this insidious process is occurring now and not earlier because those now in charge prefer Garland the entertainer to Garland the artist. The cult rules; The Church of Garland presides.

The Church raptures over I Could Go On Singing (1962), Garland's last film, or Presenting Lily Mars (1943), a mediocre MGM picture, wherein she is very much the star. Meet Me in St. Louis (1944), wherein she is a player among others even if still the lead, is less talked about. Garland's "glorious black and white"41 non-singing roles - The Clock (1945), Judgment at Nuremberg (1961), A Child is Waiting (1962) - also offer fascinating glimpses of the dramatic actress that are quite different from the singing and dancing mold she was stuck in. Garland, when freed of the restrictions others judged best for her, gave us a glimmer of what she could have gone on to do. Putting Judy Garland in her place - whether as a singing star or an object of worship - is still going on today.

Garland at her peak meant music flowed through her. The joy she felt in singing some of the great tunes of her generation glowed more strongly than ever on April 23, 1961. That jubilation was so contagious that the audience could not help but sing along with her on the "Olio" medley42 near the end of the show, heard on the original LP and 1989 CD. Their participation, which was a result of boosting the hall during the 1961 mastering, is sacrificed in the new non-mastering - again in the name of purity. Such joyless piousness contradicts the very essence of the evening and Judy Garland, but is typical of The Church of Garland.

As the greatest musical talent of her generation, Judy Garland couldn't be touched. That does not mean that her recordings are untouchable. The art of remastering seems to have been lost on those who feel that such an act places the engineer between the Garland deity and the congregation. If the engineer doesn't interfere, the listener is closer to God. And this is what The Church of Garland wants. To the flock, what is sacred cannot be remastered; what is perfect cannot be perfected. That is why the 1961 Wiswell/Arnold Capitol mastering, as correctly pitched in the 1989 version, is superior to the 2000 Hoffman DCC, which fits the mold of The Church of Garland dogma by accident or by intent.43 What was magic in 1961 has gone flat in 2000. Despite that her voice was re-equalized into the orchestra, despite that reverb was added to give you more of a feel of the acoustics in Carnegie Hall, and despite that applause was overdubbed, the earlier mix made Garland a musical event not an iconographical one.

Transferring the raw masters of Judy at Carnegie Hall to CD infers that God Garland is untouchable. Judyism in the name of Judy Garland is a betrayal. Those who preach it are fundamentalists. Judy Garland is music, not religion. Reviewed by Lawrence Schulman.

© 2001 Lawrence Schulman, ARSC Journal
    Reprinted by permission

Endnotes

1. Garland, Judy, "The Plot Against Judy Garland", Ladies' Home Journal, August 1967. Reprinted in Vare, Ethlie Ann (editor). Rainbow: A Star-Studded Tribute to Judy Garland. (New York: Boulevard Books, 1998).

2. Capitol WBO/SWBO-1569 (original issue, 33 1/3, stereo); Capitol WBO-1569 (original issue, Deluxe Limited Edition, 33 1/3, mono); Capitol SWBO-1569 (original issue, Deluxe Limited Edition, 33 1/3, stereo); Capitol EAP-1569 (45); Capitol 4X2K-01569 (cassette); Capitol EM 26 0432 3 (reissue, stereo, 33 1/3).

3. Robert Arnold.

4. Jim Silke.

5. Andy Wiswell.

6. Sonny Gallagher (1937-1999), editor of the newsletter Beyond Rainbows between 1990 and 1995, as quoted in the liner notes to Judy Garland à Paris - Olympia, 28 Octobre 1960, En Concert avec Europe 1 (Europe 1/RTE 2001-2), with permission.

7. Alexander, Shana, "Judy's New Rainbow", Life Magazine, June 2, 1961. Reprinted in Vare, Ibid.

8. What Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer boss, Louis B. Mayer, is said to have called her.

9. According to Jimmie Tarantino, columnist. See Hollywood Night Life, 1948. Reprinted in Vare, Ibid, p. 82.

10. According to George Cukor. See Haver, Ronald. A Star Is Born (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988), p. 185.

11. Tormé, Mel. The Other Side of the Rainbow with Judy Garland on the Dawn Patrol (New York: Galahad Books, 1970), p. 234.

12. Warner, Jack with Jennings, Dean. My First Hundred Years in Hollywood. (New York: Random House, 1965), p. 316.

13. According to Ida Koverman, assistant to Louis B. Mayer. See Adela Rogers St. Johns, "Babes in the Woods," The American Weekly, March 13, 1951. Reprinted in Vare, Ibid, p. 35.

14. According to Harold Arlen. See Mayer, John. Heartbreaker (Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1983), p. 179.

15. According to Bobby Cole, Garland's guest pianist in The Judy Garland Show #25 and her conductor at The Palace in New York in 1967. See Edwards, Anne. Judy Garland (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1974, 1975), p. 186.

16. According to Sid Luft, Garland's husband between 1952 and 1965 and producer of the 1954 film A Star Is Born. See Frank, Gerold. Judy (New York: Harper & Row, 1975), p. 436.

17. Garland's 1938 MGM film, Everybody Sing, was originally slated to be titled The Ugly Duckling.

18. According to Virginia Thompson (1917-1977), Garland's sister, aka Jimmie Gumm. See Shearer, Lloyd, "Judy Garland's Sister: The Happy One in the Family," Parade Magazine, October 4, 1964. Reprinted in Vare, Ibid, p. 188.

19. Creative Management Associates, Inc., newly formed by David Begelman and Freddie Fields.

20. http://www.judylist.com/

21. Expression employed by The Church of Garland.

22. Expression employed by The Church of Garland.

23. A thorough study of The Church of Garland has yet to be written. The most serious to date can be found in Dyer, Richard. Heavenly Bodies: Film Stars and Society. (London: The MacMillan Press Ltd., 1986), Chapter 3: "Judy Garland and Gay Men." Excerpted in Vare, Ibid. More recently, The Atlantic Monthly published an article in its August 2000 issue by Michael Joseph Gross, entitled "The Queen Is Dead," which deals with the phenomenon. Needless to say, not all members of The Church of Garland are gay.

24. Expression employed by The Church of Garland.

25. Clarke, Gerald. Get Happy. (New York: Random House, 2000).

26. Email to the author, dated 4 July 2000.

27. As quoted from the cover of the CD.

28. Capitol CDP 7 46470 2.

29. Capitol CDP 7 90014 2/Capitol CDP 7 90015 2.

30. In that the second act of Garland's performance was somewhat longer than the first (14 songs versus 12) Capitol took "That's Entertainment" then "I Can't Give You Anything But Love" from after the intermission and put them before. That done, they then reversed the order of those two songs for aesthetic reasons: the first is an "up" number, the second "down." Since Garland concluded the first part of her show with "San Francisco" (up), to put another up ("That's Entertainment") right after seemed less pleasing - to the Capitol producers - than following it with the slower "I Can't Give You Anything But Love."

31. There was no such thing known as "mastering" at the time the Carnegie Hall LP was released. If anyone could be said to have "mastered" it, it would have been album producer Andy Wiswell, who would have been responsible for the decisions made. Robert Arnold, who engineered the recording, no doubt also played a part.

32. "When You're Smiling (The Whole World Smiles With You)" times at 3:04 on the 2000 DCC CD; 3:04 on the 1989 Capitol CD; 2:31 on the 1986 abridged Capitol CD; 2:37 on the 1961 Capitol LP. The song on the LP is 17.19% faster by comparison to the most recent issues. Note: the Capitol WBO-1569 LP lists the running time as 3:05.

33. (A. Schwartz, H. Dietz).

34. Judy! That's Entertainment. Capitol CDP 7 48426 2.

35. (Coward).

36. (J.F.Hanley).

37. During the taping of the show, the master tape on the main tape recorder ran out during "Alone Together." Engineers used a back-up tape to cover the song, and it was this tape that was used during the mastering of the 1961 LP. This tape was then, we now know, filed away in Capitol's vaults in an unlabeled box. When vault research was done for the 1989 release, this back-up tape was not found, not because it wasn't there but because it was in an unmarked box. When Capitol issued their double CD in 1989 containing the studio "Alone Together," the explanation they gave as to why the live LP version could not be used was as follows. The tape on the main recorder had run out during the song. Garland had been forced to re-record the song to an empty Carnegie Hall thereafter in order to match the acoustics. (Some said they had re-recorded her at her May 2, 1961 Newark, New Jersey date, or even in the studio.) This retake, according to Capitol, was in 1989 missing from their vaults. This was nonsense. Garland's live "Alone Together" begins off-mike. That is to say that she starts the number at too great a distance from her microphone. This flaw would never have been accepted as a master for any hypothetical re-record. This flaw could only mean that the live "Alone Together" must have been recorded at the original April 23 concert. When DCC got the go-ahead to reissue the concert, Steve Hoffman "went digging around in the Capitol vaults, and he said it was right there, in the same unlabeled box it had been in for nearly 40 years." (This last quote is taken from an email from Max O. Preeo, Editor of Show Music, to the author, dated 28 February 2000.)

38. "The Ultimate Diva," March 2000.

39. (Shay, Fisher, Goodwin).

40. A complete stereo remix has been done for Meet Me in St. Louis (1944). Large parts of the multi-channel masters exist for Girl Crazy (1943), thereby allowing an almost complete stereo restoration. Some stereo multi-channels have been found for Love Finds Andy Hardy (1938), Listen, Darling (1938), Babes in Arms (1939), Andy Hardy Meets Debutante (1940), Strike Up The Band (1940), Life Begins For Andy Hardy (1941), Presenting Lily Mars (1943), The Harvey Girls (1945), Ziegfeld Follies (1946), The Pirate (1948), Annie Get Your Gun (1949). A so-called "stereo" The Wizard of Oz (1939) has also been released (see review by Lawrence Schulman, ARSC Journal (2000;31[1]:134)).

41. As quoted from the cover to the laser disc edition of The Clock (MGM/UA Home Video ML100890). The cover is in color.

42. "Vaudeville or musical entertainment presented between the acts of a burlesque or minstrel show." (The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Third Edition) Garland's "Olio" included: "You Made Me Love You" (J.V. Monaco/J. McCarthy)/"For Me and My Gal" (Meyer/Leslie/Goetz)/"The Trolley Song" (R. Blane/H. Martin).

43. The author in no way implies that Steve Hoffman, or any other individual, is a member of The Church of Garland.

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